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In 53BC the Proconsul Marcus Crassus and 36,000 of his legionaries were crushed by the Parthians at Carrhae in what is now eastern Turkey. Crassus' defeat and death and the 20,000 casualties his army suffered were an extraordinary disaster for Rome. The event intensified the bitter, destructive struggle for power in the Roman republic, curtailed the empire's eastward expansion and had a lasting impact on the history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. It was also the first clash between two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. Yet this critical episode has often been neglected by writers on the period who have concentrated on the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. Gareth Sampson, in this challenging and original study, reconstructs the Carrhae campaign in fine detail, reconsiders the policy of imperial expansion and gives a fascinating insight into the opponents the Romans confronted in the East - the Parthians.
- Sales Rank: #461449 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-07-23
- Released on: 2012-07-23
- Format: Kindle eBook
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
A Fresh Look at Marcus Crassus and the Battle of Carrhae
By B. Jefferson Le Blanc
This is an excellent book that makes a well documented effort to rehabilitate the reputation of Marcus Crassus, the Roman statesman and general who lost the pivotal battle with an army of the Parthian Empire near Carrhae in northern Mesopotamia. The battle, in 53 BC, was significant because it marked the beginning of a prolonged and bloody struggle between west and east, Europe and Asia, that continues to this day. The conflict, then as now, was as much about the clash of competing cultures as it was about land and military supremacy.
Crassus was generally vilified by contemporary and subsequent authors and historians who were, according to Mr. Sampson, looking for a scapegoat to explain the worst defeat of Roman arms since Hannibal. This was made easier because Crassus died in the battle and was not around to defend his reputation. Since he was exceedingly rich, he was also an easy target for envy. Sampson posits, based on the available evidence, that Crassus was not a bad general, as common opinion would have it; after all he had some years before saved Rome from the scourge of Spartacus, who had, till Crassus took the field, defeated every Roman commander sent against him. Crassus was a member of the triumvirate that ruled Rome at the time, comprising he, Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great. He did not rise to this level of power and influence along with two of the most famous men in Roman history by being in any wise mediocre. Rather, he lost the battle of Carrhae to a superior Parthian general, who was himself subsequently assassinated by a jealous king. He was thus deprived of the opportunity to follow up his victory at Carrhae - and his reputation, too, suffered as a result. Thereafter, the First Parthian War deteriorated into stalemate. What's more, Crassus death destabilized the government of the Roman Republic; the war that followed between Caesar and Pompey led to the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.
Mr. Sampson explores the history of Rome up to the time of the war with Parthia and, to the extent possible with the sparse sources available, also explores the history of Parthia, something that most historians neglect. He probes the contradictions among sources and endeavors to draw the most rational conclusions, free to the extent possible from the anti-Crassus bias that infects most of those sources.
I am no historian myself, but merely a lifetime student of history. Still, to my not altogether inexperienced eye, Sampson makes a good case for Crassus as well as the historical fulcrum the battle of Carrhae represents. His writing is aimed at and accessible to the layman; his extensive notes and appendices are at the back of the book for those interested in his methodology. He offers a fresh look at otherwise familiar events and, for this reason, his book is a good read for anyone interested in this period of history.
Like most e-books in my experience, this one suffers from flaws in editing. For some reason the transition from paper to digital formats seems to be an occasion for negligent editorial oversight. Given the increasing popularity of digital publishing, this is a lamentable trend. While I find this kind of sloppy editing annoying, in this case it does not detract substantially from the quality of the book. Indeed, I suspect most people are not so picky about such things as I am. But as I read more books on my Kindle PaperWhite, bad editing is becoming a pet peeve of mine.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Exciting account of Carrhae, with useful background of the Roman Republic and Parthian Empire leading to and following the clash
By OH
Sampson does a superb job in giving the reader a background to the Roman-Parthian wars during the Roman Republic with a focus on the events and implications of the campaign against the Parthian Empire led by Crassus in 53 BC.
Not only is this an exciting account the actual climactic battle at Carrhae, but includes useful background on events in the Roman Republic and Parthia that led to what Sampson notes as an inevitable clash between the two empires. For example, Sampson does an excellent job setting the general security-focused mindset in Rome that lasted from harrowing defeat during the Punic wars against Hannibal. Sampson also lays out the general players in the East and how they evolved, such as the Seleucids, Armenians, Bactrians, etc…providing a useful and informative background to their evolution and interaction with Rome. As Sampson gets closer to the Battle of Carrhae and the aftermath, he pulls in additional useful context from Cicero, Pompey the Great, Julius Caesar, etc, who were all directly or indirectly involved in the campaign.
A couple of other main highlights:
• Sampson does an excellent job coming up with well-informed, likely outcomes in areas that are less documented (such as Parthian history and internal politics.)
• Sampson provides an objective review or Marcus Lincinius Crassus and his role in the Roman Republic, along with a strong characterization of Parthian general Surena and his ability to get a strategic advantage and win against the advancing Roman forces.
This book should be standard reading for those looking to gain a better understanding of Rome’s geopolitical undertakings in the East, and also for those that are studying history of conflict between the West and Middle East…The campaign, an offensive against Parthia led by Marcus Licinius Crassus and defended by Surena, is an important part of ancient history, which quite relevant given is location in Syria/Turkey. The conflict—even if it was over two thousand years ago—undoubtedly left a mark that impacts current geopolitics in the region.
Only minor compliant would be a few small typos in the text (hardcover version), such as an unnecessary “_” and one spacing issue.
Strong recommendation for Sampson’s work!
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
I found the The Defeat of Rome in the East of high research and storey telling abilities.
By ROBERT R MONTES
The detail of this ancient and little known history is truly amazing. To say that the Roman defeat had little impact
for future generations is to not recognize the importance of this event.
See all 7 customer reviews...
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